Major Malayalam newspapers available are Mathrubhumi, Malayala Manorama, Kerala Kaumudi, Deshabhimani, Madhyamam, Janmabhumi, Chandrika, Thejas, Siraj Daily, Deepika and Rashtra Deepika. Abdur Razzak (1442–43), Niccolò de' Conti (1445), Afanasy Nikitin (1468–74), Ludovico di Varthema (1503–1508), and Duarte Barbosa witnessed the city as one of the major trading centres in the Indian subcontinent where traders from different parts of the world could be seen. [267], The SAI Trivandrum golf club, established in 1850, is one of the oldest golf course in India. He travelled extensively across the Indian subcontinent founding institutions of the widely influential philosophy of Advaita Vedanta. To add to the abundance of the variety in … [182][183] Vizhinjam seaport has been designated by the government as an authorised immigration check-post for entry and exit from India for international ships and cruises. His entire kingdom was then a land of immense prosperity and happiness. In 1498, Vasco Da Gama established a sea route to Kerala and raised Portuguese settlements, which marked the beginning of the colonial era of Kerala. [43], With the end of the British rule in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian union. It was the worst flood in Kerala in nearly a century. The violence alienated public opinion. [236][237] Other FM radio channels broadcast from Thiruvananthapuram are Big FM 92.7 MHz,[238] Club FM 94.3 MHz,[239] Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz,[240] Red FM 93.5 MHz[238] and Radio DC 90.4 MHz.[241]. [261] The major sports training and coaching institutions include the Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), TOSS Academy and the Tenvic Sports Coaching Academy at the Sports Hub. Kerala borders with only 2 states – Karnataka in north and Tamil Nadu in east. The city also has a few Tulu, Kannada, Konkani, Dhivehi, Telugu and Hindi speakers. In 1766, Haider Ali of Mysore defeated the Samoothiri of Kozhikode – an East India Company ally at the time – and absorbed Kozhikode to his state.[78]. [258] There will be two main races; a half marathon of 21 km and a full marathon of 42.19 km. Kerala Style Fish Molee. The first Malayalam feature film, Vigathakumaran directed by J. C. Daniel was released in Thiruvananthapuram. Bose, Satheese Chandra and Varughese, Shiju Sam (eds.) [9] Thiruvananthapuram was listed as one of the top ten cities in India on Vibrancy and Consumption Index by a study conducted by global financial services firm Morgan Stanley. [152][153], The majority of bus services are conducted by government operators. Kerala also witnessed several social reforms movements directed at the eradication of social evils such as untouchability among the Hindus, pioneered by reformists like Srinarayana guru and Chattambiswami among others. [5] The sex ratio is 1,040 females for every 1,000 males, which is higher than the national average. Thiruvananthapuram is a major aerospace research centre in India. * Bindu Malieckal (2005) Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night's Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India; The Muslim World Volume 95 Issue 2, To corroborate his assertion that Eradi was in fact a favourite of the last Later Chera, M.G.S. [2] The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million. Confluence of religions [66] Ma Huan (1403 AD), the Chinese sailor part of the Imperial Chinese fleet under Cheng Ho (Zheng He)[67] states the city as a great emporium of trade frequented by merchants from around the world. 26 December 2011. [76] The Central Prison is the oldest prison in Kerala and the headquarters of Kerala prisons and correctional services. [30] Vizhinjam was an important port city from as early as 2nd century BC. The state of Kerala was created in 1956 from the former state of Travancore-Cochin, the Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara District of Madras state. ", Jeffrey, Robin. [80] The CRPF has a Group Headquarters (GHQ) located at Pallipuram. Kerala lying in the South is one of the most peaceful and pristine states in India. [43][44] Kerala witnessed a flourishing period of art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Thiruvananthapuram is also known in the literature, and popular reference as Ananthapuri derived from the Sanskrit word Syanandurapuram, meaning "The City of Bliss" in Carnatic kirtanas composed by Swathi Thirunal, erstwhile Maharaja of Travancore. After the Dutch were defeated by Travancore king Marthanda Varma, the British crown gained control over Kerala by allying with the newly created princely state of Travancore until India was declared independent in 1947. The main opponent in his work is the Mimamsa school of thought, though he also offers arguments against the views of some other schools like Samkhya and certain schools of Buddhism. Tamil has the most speakers after Malayalam. Thiruvananthapuram has numerous newspaper publications, television and radio stations. In 1741, Mahé de La Bourdonnais retook the town after a period of occupation by the Marathas. [21][22] Old Tamil works such as Patiṟṟuppattu, Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku and Silappatikaram are important sources that describe the Cheras from the early centuries CE. [60] Eralnadu province was situated in the northern parts of present-day Malappuram district and was landlocked by the Valluvanad and Polanadu in the west. [257] The Trivandrum Marathon is a marathon organised by the Trivandrum runners club every year. [56] When Ay power diminished, Venad became the southernmost principality of the Second Chera Kingdom[57] Invasion of Cholas into Venad caused the destruction of Kollam in 1096. The sewerage is pumped to a stilling chamber at the Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) at Valiyathura, and is disposed through sewage farming. [196] Thiruvananthapuram is one of the regional headquarters of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). "Communal Relations in Pre-Modern India: 16th Century Kerala", Devika, J. The mean maximum temperature of 34 °C (93 °F) and the mean minimum temperature is 21 °C (70 °F). [2] Thiruvananthapuram's literacy rate of 93.72%[64] exceeds the all-India average of 74%. According to William Logan, the word Malabar comes from a combination of the Malayalam word Mala (hill) and the Persian/Arabic word Barr (country/continent). The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million. He led the Pychy Rebellion (Wynaad Insurrection, Coiote War) against the English East India Company. [5] Located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland, Thiruvananthapuram is a major information technology hub in Kerala and contributes 55% of the state's software exports as of 2016. TMC has the power to act as the local government of the city. [77], The Southern Air Command of the Indian Air Force is headquartered in the city. The early 20th century was an age of tremendous political and social changes in the city. Muziris, Berkarai, and Nelcynda were among the principal trading port centres of the Chera kingdom. [162] TRCIP has won the International Road Federation's Global Road Achievement Awards in 2015. Venad was a kingdom in the south west tip of Kerala, which acted as a buffer between Cheras and Pandyas. Houseboats in Kerala, south India, are huge, slow-moving barges used for leisure trips.They are a reworked model of Kettuvallams (in the Malayalam language, Kettu means "tied with ropes", and vallam means "boat"), which, in earlier times, were used to carry rice and spices from Kuttanad to the Kochi port.Kerala houseboats were considered a convenient means of transportation. The cuisine of Kerala, a state in the south of India, is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Which party was in power in Kerala State Assembly from the early 1980s? Kerala has an area of 38,862 Km and divided into 14 major districts, which have got its unique culture and traditions. Kerala has been at the first place in tourism in India; from 2000 to current year. Saint Thomas Christians claim to be the descendants of the converts of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Jesus Christ although no evidence that Thomas ever visited Kerala has been established. Web. Wm. [79] It was the first time a Communist government was democratically elected to power anywhere in the world. [151] Thiruvananthapuram has many restaurants offering Arabic, Thai and Mexican cuisines. [36][37] A branch of the Ay family, which had controlled the Padmanabhaswamy Temple, merged with the Kingdom of Venad in the 12th century. The whole system is controlled by Kerala Water Authority now. The Cheras were mentioned as Ketalaputo (Keralaputra) on an inscribed edict of emperor Ashoka of the Magadha Empire in the 3rd century BCE,[2] as Cerobothra by the Greek Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and as Celebothras in the Roman encyclopedia Natural History by Pliny the Elder. Malayalam and English are the primary languages of instruction; Tamil and Hindi are also used. Thiruvananthapuram's smaller communities are Tamils, and North Indians. [229] The other Malayalam channels based in the city include Asianet News, Amrita TV, Kappa TV, Kairali TV, Kairali We, Mathrubhumi News, Kaumudy TV, JaiHind TV, News18 Kerala and People TV. The term Kerala was first epigraphically recorded as Ketalaputo (Cheras) in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by emperor Ashoka of Magadha. [66] The remainder of the community includes Jains, Jews, Sikhs, Buddhists and other religions which account for 0.06% of the population; 0.85% did not state a belief in the census. [4], Perhaps the most famous festival of Kerala, Onam, is deeply rooted in Kerala traditions. Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is listed in UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves. In this state, most of the people prefer … The lowest temperature recorded in the city core was 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) on 6 January 1974 and the highest temperature was 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) on 4 April 2007. [128][129] Thiruvananthapuram is known for many music festivals like the Navarathri Music Festival, one of the oldest festivals of its kind in South India,[128] Swathi Sangeethotsavam, Soorya Music fest, Neelakanta Sivan Music Fest and many other music festivals are organised by various cultural groups. 2015. [169] The State Highway 1, which commonly known as the Main Central Road is an arterial highway in the city. [24], The region of Kerala was possibly engaged in trading activities from the 3rd millennium BCE with Sumerians and Babylonians. It is headed by a commissioner of police. [128] The 111-day-long Soorya Festival is the biggest art and cultural event in Kerala. [108] Kovalam and Varkala are popular beach towns near the city. Highest Social Indicators. [122], Two of the three Malayalam triumvirate poets, Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer and Kumaran Asan are from Thiruvananthapuram. ", Dale, Stephen Frederic. He is popularly known as Kerala Simham (Lion of Kerala). [242] The city also hosted the first Twenty20 International cricket match in Kerala. [38] The kingdom of Travancore was dedicated by Marthanda Varma to the deity Sri. The Madras Presidency was reorganised to form Madras State in 1947. [67], Thiruvananthapuram has witnessed massive immigration of workers from northern India, mainly West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh, and from neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Nepal and Bangladesh. [171][172] Another important road is the Kowdiar Road, which is also known as the Royal Road, as it leads to the Kowdiar Palace. [13], In the late 17th century, Marthanda Varma who inherited the Kingdom of Venad expanded the kingdom by conquering the kingdoms of Attingal, Kollam, Kayamkulam, Kottarakara, Kottayam, Changanassery, Meenachil, Poonjar and Ambalapuzha. [197], The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram is the first and a premier medical school in Kerala, founded in 1951. "Matriliny, Marxism, and the birth of the communist party in Kerala, 1930-1940. As per the 2001 census, the population below the poverty line in the city was 11,667. [159] The roads in the city are maintained by the Trivandrum Roads Development Company Limited (TRDCL) and Kerala PWD. [28] They intermarried with local people, resulting in formation of the Muslim Mappila community. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Buddhism and Jainism disappeared from the land. Kerala, southwestern coastal state of India. Thiruvananthapuram city police are the largest police division in Kerala, and it consists of ten Circle offices and 21 police stations and a sanctioned strength of 3,500 police personnel. [120][121] Prominent social reformers such as Sri Narayana Guru, Chattampi Swamikal, Ayyankali, Vakkom Moulavi and C. V. Raman Pillai also are from Thiruvananthapuram. On 1 November 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. [174] Long-distance trains originate from Thiruvananthapuram Central and Kochuveli railway terminal. [59], According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, the Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram, which occupies an area of 214 km2 (83 sq mi), had a population of 752,490. [33][34] After the death of king Vikramaditya Varaguna in 925 AD, the glory of the Ays departed and almost all their territories became part of the Chera dynasty. The Sports Hub, Trivandrum, commonly known as Greenfield Stadium is one of the largest cricket and football stadiums in India. Kerala - Land of Coconuts The name Kerala, is derived from the root word "Keram" which means Coconut tree in Malayalam, the regional language. Kerala is the least corrupt Indian state; as per the Transparency International’s survey. The British concluded treaties of subsidiary alliance with the rulers of Cochin (1791) and Travancore (1795), and these became princely states of British India, maintaining local autonomy in return for a fixed annual tribute to the British. The Monsoons (June-September and October-November) and summer (February-May) are the seasons markedly experienced here, while Winter is only a slight drop in temperature from the normal range of 28-32°C. [1] From the Kodungallur line of the Cheras rose the Kulasekhara dynasty, which was established by Kulasekhara Varman. [11] The studies suggest possible relationship with Indus Valley Civilization during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. There are plans to develop a railway terminal at Nemom railway station to reduce congestion at Thiruvananthapuram Central. 1. [57], The city has a climate that borders a tropical savanna climate and a tropical monsoon climate. [59] At the airport, the lowest temperature recorded was 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) on 15 January 1975 and the highest temperature was 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) on 5 May 1998. It is used for conducting basketball, volleyball, table tennis, gymnastics, aquatics and martial arts. The airport started operations from 1935 and is the first airport in Kerala. They co-existed harmoniously with each other and with local Hindu society, aided by the commercial benefit from such association. He also established the importance of monastic life as sanctioned in the Upanishads and Brahma Sutra, in a time when the Mimamsa school established strict ritualism and ridiculed monasticism. [70] The corporation secretary is an officer appointed by the government, who serves as the administrative head of the TMC and implements the council's decisions based on the resolutions adopted by the council. [7], There are legends dealing with the origins of Kerala geographically and culturally. [199], The city houses several prominent legal education institutions. Other important beaches include Poovar, Shankumugham Beach, Azhimala Beach, Vizhinjam Beach and Veli Beach. "Jawaharlal Nehru and the smoking gun: Who pulled the trigger on Kerala's communist government in 1959?. [14] Following India's independence in 1947, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Travancore-Cochin state and remained so till the new Indian state of Kerala was formed in 1956. [148][149][150], The general cuisine of the people is Keralite cuisine, which is generally characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices. "Trade, Conversion and the Growth of the Islamic Community of Kerala, South India", Dale, Stephen Frederic. Sangam period Hyder Ali and his successor, Tipu Sultan, came into conflict with the British, leading to the four Anglo-Mysore wars fought across southern India in the latter half of the 18th century. The Cheras ruled the western Malabar Coast, the Cholas ruled in the eastern Coromandel Coast and the Pandyas in the south-central peninsula. The average elevation of the city is 16 ft (4.9 m) above sea level. [27][28] The city was the trading post of spices, sandalwood and ivory. In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss of Mahé, India. Minor principalities [224] College of Engineering Trivandrum is also ranked fourth in India and first in Kerala in architecture institution rankings. The first mental hospital in the state was started during the same period. Kerala is the land of beauty with long beaches, rivers with charming mountains. [201] The major Business schools include Asian School of Business, CET School of Management and Institute of Management in Kerala (IMK). [42] The city witnessed multi-faceted progress during his period. In the 15th century, Kochi was reduced in to a vassal state of Kozhikode. [23] Together with the Cholas and Pandyas the Cheras formed the Tamil triumvirate of the mūvēntar (Three Crowned Kings). The city receives heavy rainfall of around 1,827 millimetres (71.9 in) per year. However, Mahabali was tricked into giving up his rule, and was thus overthrown by Vamana (Thrikkakkarayappan), the fifth Avatar (earthly incarnation) of Lord Vishnu. ", Hunter, Thelma. Ays In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, and Mahé, India was handed over to the French in 1785. Kerala is located on the southwestern tip of India with the Arabian Sea on the west and the Western Ghats towering 500-2700m on the east. 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