German losses numbered 1 pre-dreadnought, 1 battlecruiser, 5 light cruisers, 6 destroyers, and 1 submarine. In late spring 1916, after months of calm in the North Sea following the naval action at the Dogger Bank, the main British and German fleets met in a face-to-face encounter for the first time. For Jellicoe it was a moment of triumph; for Scheer it was one of unparalleled danger. For their part, the British were inclined to believe that another fruitless sweep to find the Germans had taken place and that they would soon return to their respective bases. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The German High Seas Fleet hoped to weaken the Royal Navy by launching an ambush on the British Grand Fleet in the North Sea. The bow and stern of HMS Invincible stick out of the water during the Battle of Jutland. 3.7 out of 5 stars 14. Expanded Battle-Space - 200km x 200km battle space, with the North Sea as the back drop. Hipper led his group to sea at 1:00 am on May 31—the van of a fleet of 100 ships manned by approximately 45,000 officers and men. John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe. The Germans, now outgunned, turned for home. Ships of the German High Seas Fleet, June 1916. Hipper’s fleet was to steam north from Wilhelmshaven to a point off the Norwegian coastline. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Just before 6:00 pm Jellicoe sighted Beatty’s battle cruisers, now augmented by the 3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron under Rear Adm. Horace Hood. Never again did battle fleets meet again in … The Battle of Jutland (31 May - 1 June 1916) was the largest naval battle of the First World War. Dynamic Lighting and Weather - changes during battles. Actual brutal defeat at Jutland might see a faster transfer of command to a far less competent officer (i.e Beatty) and the Royal Navy jetting straight into catastrophe. For the Royal Navy, command of the seas was of paramount importance. It was this augmented fleet which Scheer now sought to ensnare and destroy before the remainder of the Grand Fleet could sortie south from Scapa to its rescue. So long as the German High Seas Fleet was doing no direct harm, the British felt that it was best left alone. Some 40 miles (64 km) still separated him from Beatty’s battle cruisers—and how much farther away was the main enemy force? by Geoffrey Bennett | Sep 19, 2015. The main German fleet would then close the gap and destroy the British. At 2:20 pm, the cause of their meeting forgotten, both forces were signaling “Enemy in sight,” and at 2:28 pm the Galatea fired the first shots of the Battle of Jutland. Documentary about the Battle of Jutland, a naval battle during World War I between the British and German fleets, which took place on 31 May and 1 June 1916 in the North Sea, off the west coast of Denmark. In fact, the British welcomed an engagement on the high seas, as they believed that their superior numbers and firepower would strongly favour them in open water. Jutland was the last, and largest, of the great battleship battles. As it was, because he overrated the danger of a torpedo attack, he ordered a turn away, and the two opposing lines of battleships steamed apart at more than 20 knots (23 miles [37 km] per hour). Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? On receipt of the signals from their light cruisers, both Beatty and Hipper turned and raced toward the sound of gunfire, and at 3:20 pm the two opposing lines of battle cruisers were in sight of each other, maneuvering for position. It was the submarines on both sides which caused the first damage: on the German side, the battleship Westfalen went limping home with damage from a torpedo; on the British side, the light cruiser Nottingham sank off the Farne Islands after being hit three times on the morning of August 19. The Battle of Jutland, fought over two days from 31 May 1916, was the largest sea battle of the First World War. Alexander-Sinclair, commanding the British 1st Light Cruiser Squadron aboard the Galatea, also saw the Danish ship and steamed off to investigate, accompanied by the light cruiser Phaeton. Goodenough’s 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron was patrolling south of Beatty’s main force, and at about 4:40 pm Goodenough reported having sighted the main body of the High Seas Fleet. Vice Adm. Franz von Hipper would command a scouting group consisting of the battle cruisers Lützow, Derfflinger, Seydlitz, Moltke, and Von der Tann, accompanied by four light cruisers. The German navy lost 11 ships, including a battleship and a battle cruiser, and suffered 3,058 casualties; the British sustained heavier losses, with 14 ships sunk, includin… The 5th Battle Squadron (left behind by the faster battle cruisers) now joined the British line, and its heavy guns caused such damage to Hipper’s battle cruisers that the German torpedo-boat screen moved in to launch a torpedo attack. Imperial War Museums - What Was The Battle of Jutland? The Battle of Jutland (31 May–1 June 1916), fought between Britain’s Grand Fleet and Imperial Germany’s High Seas Fleet, was the largest naval battle of World War I, and one of the largest in recorded history, involving around 250 warships and tens of thousands of sailors. As the last battleship turned into line, the murk cleared slightly to reveal the leading ships of the High Seas Fleet heading for the middle of the Grand Fleet. It was fought on May 31-June 1, 1916, in the North Sea near Jutland, the northward-pointing peninsular mainland of Denmark. The bombardment of Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth, England, by German cruisers on April 25 was intended to lure one part of the British fleet south into a position where the High Seas Fleet could attack it. Scheer felt that a more aggressive war policy might prove fruitful, and he soon formulated a plan in accordance with that belief. It took place during the First World War off the coast of North West Jutland. As it turned out, the submarines failed in this function, and the policy was modified to take into account the possibility of attacking the Grand Fleet in separate parts. Had the N.J. Fjord not attracted so much attention, Hipper’s scouting group would inevitably have led the High Seas Fleet toward the Grand Fleet when the latter was fully concentrated under Jellicoe’s command. Great Britain and Germany possessed the two most powerful fleets in the world at the time. Paradoxical as it may seem, it was no accident that the navies had avoided a direct confrontation until then. Their fleet sustained huge losses in spite of their win. The Germans damaged Beatty’s flagship, HMS Lion, and sank HMS Indefatigable and HMS Queen Mary, both of which blew up when German shells hit their ammunition magazines. Battle of Jutland - Aftermath: At Jutland, the British lost 3 battlecruisers, 3 armored cruisers, and 8 destroyers, as well as 6,094 killed, 510 wounded, and 177 captured. Both the method and the moment of deployment were matters of vital importance, and the admiral could make no decision on them until he knew the enemy’s position and course. The Battle of Jutland (31 May - 1 June 1916) was the largest naval battle of the First World War. Today we look at the Battle of Jutland, from the start of the shooting to the end of the battlecruiser action. Yet the Grand Fleet was still between the High Seas Fleet and the German ports, and this was the situation which Scheer most dreaded. The British sustained greater losses than the Germans in both ships and men: three battle cruisers, three cruisers, and eight destroyers had been sunk against one battleship, one battle cruiser, four light cruisers, and five torpedo craft lost by the Germans; 6,768 British officers and men had been killed or wounded, against 3,058 officers and men killed or wounded in the High Seas Fleet. Neither submarines or aircraft played any part in the battle, despite the plans of both sides. The 24 minute animation gives the viewer an overview of the major “chapters” of the battle – the opening battle cruiser action, the Grand Fleet deployment, the Turn Away and the Night Destroyer actions. A decisive victory in this battle would have either ended WWI or … At first the British press agreed, but the truth was not so clear-cut. Three factors contributed to the extrication of the German ships from the trap: their own excellent construction, the steadiness and discipline of their crews, and the poor quality of the British shells. When it was over, 25 ships were at the bottom of the North Sea and more than 8,500 men were dead, three quarters of them Britons. History behind rivalry. Miraculously, there were no collisions. It was also the first and only time that the British and German fleets of 'dreadnought' battleships met each other in battle. Although it failed to achieve the decisive victory each side hoped for, the Battle of Jutland confirmed British naval dominance and secured its control of shipping lanes, allowing Britain to implement the blockade that would contribute to Germany’s eventual defeat in 1918. 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