All sightings are of the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northerly region of Antarctica. That's why I've made a Antarctica Timeline! Antarctica was found Captain James Cook found Antarctica in January 1773 and he did not see a sight of land. 1772 - 1775. It wasn’t until the late 1800s that the existence of this mythic land was finally confirmed.1773Captain James Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle and circumnavigates Antarctica, though he never actually sights land. Jun 16, 2016 - Antarctica is known to be one of the most awe-inspiring destinations of the world. Home of the Blizzard. Ernsest Shackleton Sets Sail From England Ernest Shackleton sails from England Dec 5, 1914. More information can be found at the Scott Polar Research Institute. Markham and the RGS declared it ‘an opportunity for research and advancement in scientific knowledge concerning magnetism, meteorology, biology and geology’. A party of eight men were left at Shackleton base to over-winter and set up the base, but valuable stores were left on the ice during a blizzard and were lost when the ice shelf broke up. Antarctica's Exploration Timeline . The prime objective of their expedition was to reach the South Pole first: they did little scientific experimentation. They were names after R.S.S. The expedition was not without difficulties. The following summer Fuchs returned and Hillary's team set up Scott Base in McMurdo Sound on the Ross sea. U2A1. 1928 – Australian Sir George Wilkins and American Carl Benjamin Eielson are the first to fly over Antarctica around the peninsula region. 16-06-2016 - Antarctica is known to be one of the most awe-inspiring destinations of the world. They covered 1356 miles in 6 1/2 weeks, carrying some 4500lb of supplies, making it one of the longest land journeys undertaken to date. Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. Fuchs’ team reached the Pole from the opposite direction on 19 January 1958. 1821 February the 7th. Antarctica Timeline of Exploration: Lesson for Kids 3:44 Next Lesson. South America Antarctica's Exploration Timeline . "Bellinsgauzenia" was an early name for the continent, named for its discoverer, the Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. In History. The support party waiting on the other side of the continent is eventually Music: Industrial Revolution by Kevin MacLeod. Jan 17, 1773. Trail in the wake of Ernest Shackleton  and his courageous exploration of Antarctica with Chimu Adventures or go on one of the many other trips the to the world’s most remote wilderness. Maps, geological specimens, photographs and diaries were collected from the camp by a search party in the following spring. UK Discovery Investigations of the Southern Ocean begin. It is claimed that they are the first to see the Antarctic Peninsula. The primary objective of the expedition was to do extensive hydrographic work in the Weddell Sea during the summer of 1903 and 1904 and to survey the South Orkney Islands and study their wildlife. January 1820: Antarctica is first sighted. During the same expedition, Douglas Mawson reaches the South Magnetic Pole and is in the first party to climb Mt Erebus. CCAMLR's objective is to conserve Antarctic marine life.This was in response to increasing commercial interest in Antarctic krill resources, a keystone component of the Antarctic ecosystem and a history of over-exploitation of several other marine resources in the Southern Ocean. More about the expedition can be found at unlockingthearchives.rgs.org. A Brief History of Chile. Home » Antarctica: The Frozen Continent » Timeline . They covered 5,000km until illness and snow blindness forced them back. The story of Australian communications in Antarctica is one of technology, ingenuity and dogged determination. See the interesting history of Antarctica from 1815 to 2019, with flags. 1819-21 –  Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Russian Imperial Navy) cast his eyes on the Antarctic continent on 27 January 1820, three days before Edward Bransfield (a captain in the British Royal Navy) sighted land, and ten months before Nathaniel Palmer did in November Bases were established on Antarctica for the first time and other bases were rapidly built. These were a series of British funded, scientific studies taking place around the Antarctic Southern Ocean. Antarctica Timeline from 1820 to 1890s. It’s less than 200 years since people first stepped foot onto Antarctica. The Treaty preserves Antarctica for peaceful scientific study, sets aside all territorial claims, bars nuclear materials (weapons, power stations etc. Ships, aircraft, dogs and mechanised vehicles have supported Australia's activities in Antarctica. Despite being stuck in the ice for long periods the expedition discovered Coats Land and the first permanent meteorological station was set up on Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands. Stamp of Antarctic Treaty. by Oceanwide Expeditions Blog Regions: Antarctica. Public timelines; Search; Sign in; Sign up; Antarctica History Timeline created by tenayaan. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. 1912 1907-1909 Captain Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole and realized he was beaten by Amundsen, who was much more prepared. 1914-1917 – Shackleton returns to Antarctica in an attempt to complete the first crossing of the continent. A Brief History of Antarctica in Maps. Douglas Mawson led the Australian Antarctic Expedition about the Aurora. 1911 to 1914-Douglas Mawson. September 1990. In the meantime their ship was crushed and they were forced to spend two winters in Antarctica until they were rescued by an Argentinean ship. Read more about the Transglobe Expedition. The main aim was to investigate a stretch of essentially unknown Antarctic coastline and to undertake a scientific programme which included an investigation of the ocean and its floor between Australia and Antarctica. Early Antarctica History - A Timeline Posted on Jul 12, 2017 @ 04:48 PM 4th Century B.C. Captain Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle 1773 - 1775 Captain James Cook and his crew became the first people to cross the Antarctic Circle. Gentoo Pengiuns in Antarctica. January 1773: Captain James Cook becomes the first recorded navigator to cross the Antarctic Circle. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. 1911-1914 – Mawson returns to Antarctica to lead the Australasian Scientific Antarctic Expedition, the first to be organised and led by an Australian, pioneering use of aircraft and radio in Antarctic exploration. Ernest Shackleton leads an Antarctica Timeline Antartica's History is very interesting. Shipwreck on Antarctica. Surveyed South Sandwich Islands. Most of their supplies were on the ship and when she broke free and drifted away from Antarctica they were marooned. Antarctica - Antarctica - History: Many nations were involved in the discovery and early exploration of Antarctica. Though the number of Antarctic research stations dropped to 33 by 1960 and reached a low of 30 in 1964, there has been a slow increase ever since. Page 4 – Sites of significance. Jan 1, 1773. Antarctica Timeline: Mid 1900s. Map image and overview of the southern continent. Here are some of the most significant moments: 17 January 1773 Captain James Cook, in the Resolution, is the first explorer to knowingly cross the … But what do we know about its history? Aristotle names the southern end of the earth “Antarktikos” (or opposite of end of “Arktos”, or bear). Click here fore more information and inspiration. Antarctica is known to be one of the most awe-inspiring destinations of the world. Antarctica was found ... FFA History Timeline . Circumnavigated Antarctica. CIA World Factbook. HISTORIA DE LA PSICOLOGIA. Australia’s proximity to the icy continent made it ideally placed for Antarctic exploration. At present, the history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is unknown: it has been inferred from low-latitude proxy data-principally from oxygen isotopic measurements on deep-ocean benthic foraminifers-and from the record of eustatic sea-level change adduced from sediments on low-latitude margins (e.g., Miller et al., 1987; Haq et al., 1987). The tragedy was followed by a demanding recovery operation and a raging debate over who or what was to blame Read the full article Page 2 – Tourist flights to Antarctica Find out more about these important investigations at Discovery Investigations. Ten million years later, Gondwana began the enormously slow process of breaking into the pieces we recognize today, and the continents, subcontinent and islands began moving into their present positions. The International Antarctic Centre opens at Christchurch Airport. Douglas Mawson led the Australian Antarctic Expedition. Antarctica's rich and colourful human history is recorded in cultural heritage places and artefacts. Jan 1, 1773. Despite atrocious weather, with winds averaging over 60mph, much new information was discovered and new lands surveyed. The Antarctic Treaty was drawn up in 1959 and it came into force in 1961. British Antarctic Survey scientists published results showing a steep decline in levels of ozone over Halley since the 1970s, particularly during the austral spring and the existence of the ozone hole was revealed. Gondwanaland consisting of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India and New Zealand begins to break up. Although they got further than Scott's team, illness and hunger forced them to give up just 180km from their destination where they planted a Union Jack and a canister to mark the point. 1820 to 1821-Bellingshausen, USSR, Bransfield, UK, PAlamer abd USA. History Around 200 million years ago, Antarctica was joined with Australia, Africa, South America, India and New Zealand in the supercontinent Gondwana. Antarctic timeline. They covered 650 kilometres in the area of Paulet Island and made a winter camp at Snow Hill south of Seymour Island. The Royal Navy sends Edward Bransfield with William Smith (who had discovered the South Shetland Islands) as pilot, to search the waters south-east of the South Shetlands. The History of Antarctica starts off with the European discoverers. Learn about Australian expeditions to the icy continent, from the 18th century to today. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. These included research in Antarctica where 12 countries were engaged in research at 52 stations. Discovered Alexander I Land, Peter I Island, Annenkov Island, & Traversey Island. Discovered Alexander I Land, Peter I Island, Annenkov Island, & Traversey Island. Despite this, atrocious weather and illness caused by poor diet, they continued with the task of depot setting. From Terra Australis to Antarctica. Their ship is crushed in the sea ice. Antarctic Population Dynamics Since the IGY, scientific research in the Antarctic has continued at a steady pace. Related links. Antarctic History Jan 17, 1773. Douglas Mawson led the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, or BANZARE for short, on board the Discovery. A Dark Fic Alternate History from AlternateHistory.com, written by its member D'Valdron.The story concerns a world that is to all appearances like ours, until Captain Cook discovers an enormous, technically sophisticated civilization in Antarctica that has been developing on its own, quite unaware of the rest of humanity. They undertook meteorological and zoological observations and collected data for a whole year for the first time. Find out more about their current activities at the British Antarctic Survey website. They are forced to turn back two months later having reached 82 degrees south, suffering from snow blindness and scurvy. Bad weather made the return from the Pole increasingly difficult and Scott and his party died only 18 kilometres from a supply camp which might have saved them. The aims of the expedition were undertaking scientific research, assessing the economic potential of the area and reasserting British sovereignty in the Antarctic Peninsula. In January 1913 Mawson begins his solo trek back to his base after his two companions die. Timeline Antarctica. Funding was difficult, so a small four-man party set out. Jun 16, 2016 - Antarctica is known to be one of the most awe-inspiring destinations of the world. British Expedition to Graham Land led by John Cope. The Ross Sea Party had the task of setting supply depots from McMurdo Sound to the Beardmore Glacier to provide supplies for the Trans-Continental party led by Shackleton. Captain Robert Falcon Scott led the National Antarctic Expedition which was partly funded by the Royal Geographic Society under its President Sir Clement Markham. 1929-1931 – Mawson leads the British, Australian and New Zealand expedition that explores and maps the coastline of what was in 1936 to become the Australian Antarctic Territory, covering 42% of the continent. You can clearly see how different parts of the continent reach their maximum ice volume and then deglaciate at different times. Timeline showing the dynamic changes occurring in different parts of the Antarctic continent. Captain James Clark Ross discovered the coast of Victoria Land, sighted Mount Erebus (which is an active volcano) and found the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf. Captain Cook and his crew became the first people to cross the Antarctic Circle. Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. Ross Sea Party led by Aeneas Mackintosh on board the Aurora. Antarctica had been a part of " Gondwanaland " (an ancient super continent that was breaking up and doesn't exist any more) for about 200 million years. Pioneers in Antarctica. Hillary continued overland to the South Pole becoming only the third party to reach the Pole overland and the first to do so in vehicles. Find out more about the expedition at the Scott Polar Research Institute. Captain Robert Falcon Scott led the British Antarctic Expedition aboard the Terra Nova with the aim of reaching the South Pole as a major and public objective. Before the group were rescued by the refitted Aurora in a relief operation planned by the RGS, three of the party had died including Mackintosh. A Brief Biography of Robert Falcon Scott. This is especially important for the management of the Southern Oceans where a few species, notably krill, dominate the biological process. 1914-1917 – Shackleton returns to Antarctica in an attempt to complete the first crossing of the continent. In 1914, Shackleton made his third trip to the Antarctic with the ship 'Endurance', planning to cross Antarctica via the South Pole. MAD Project Nearly 1000 years later, Europeans reached Antarctic waters. One scientific journey in search of birds, to Cape Crozier, was undertaken during the Antarctic winter and is described in the book: ‘The Worst Journey in the World’ by Apsley Cherry-Garrard. Discovered Crown Prince Gustaf canals, Scott Bay, Larsen Ice Shelf, fossils on Seymour. Photo credit: Shutterstock. He turns back after supplies are exhausted. Sir Vivian Fuchs was sometimes known as Bunny Fuchs. Music: Industrial Revolution by Kevin MacLeod. January 1773: Captain James Cook becomes the first recorded navigator to cross the Antarctic Circle. Discover more about James Cook’s voyage to the Antarctic Circle. A Brief Biography of Ernest Shackleton. Communications. Antarctica. In 1943 the British Government sent a party to report any enemy naval activities in the Antarctic region. The main base was at Cape Denison in the Commonwealth Bay from which Mawson and two others set off to explore the far eastern area of their survey. Dr William Spears Bruce led the Scottish Antarctic Expedition on board the Scotia under the command of Captain Thomas Robertson. To really explore the continent's history, we have to go back far before Cook first crossed the Antarctic Circle. 23 mars 2020 - Antarctica is known to be one of the most awe-inspiring destinations of the world. Charles Wyville Thompson studied the ocean depths. The Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey was renamed the British Antarctic Survey when the British Antarctic Territory was created as a separate British Overseas Territory following the Antarctic Treaty coming into force in 1961. Die 3200 Meter lange und 45 Meter breite Landebahn im Hinterland der Budd-Küste im Wilkesland auf dem antarktischen Kontinent wird mit einem Airbus A319 … It shows measurements of mean annual air temperature compared with the present from the Vostok ice core in East Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty, signed by the 12 nations participating in the IGY, went into force in 1961. By the time Tasman sails away from New Zealand in early January 1643, he has mapped only a 'ragged line' and is unable to confirm whether this was the coast of the 'great southern continent'. Against all odds Mawson survives. The remaining crew, through extreme hardship and on the edge of insanity, become the first to survive an Antarctic winter as their ship drifts with the ice. Although he doesn’t gain a visual on land, he does see deposits of rock in icebergs, which proved to Captain Cook that a southern continent exists It was the last major landmass to be discovered by humans, and was first inhabited around 10,000 BCE, by Fuegian and Tehuelche peoples who arrived via South America. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The maps resulting from these surveys provide base maps on which scientists could plot their results and plan future work. 1820. 1928 – Australian Sir George Wilkins and American Carl Benjamin Eielson are the first to fly over Antarctica around the peninsula region. These programmes and other international studies use modern methods to reveal the interactions between organisms in the Southern Ocean. ... For some reason, it seems that commercial ventures do not find their way into the history books as easily as military or imperial expeditions. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. Miraculously, the second crew was able to survive the winter and find their way back to Snow Hill Island where the whole … The timeline of discovering Antarctica and the ‘race’ to the South Pole, from first sighting to Scott, Amundsen, Shackleton and more. Against all odds Mawson survives. Jan 1, 1899, The First Winter Was Over Jan 1, 1839, First dog to be in Antarctica Jan 9, 1829, First scientist to work in the Antarctic Jan 27, 1820, Antarctica First Spotted First man to land on Antarctica the first man to land on Antarctica was John Davis Jan 1, 1823. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition led by Sir Vivian Fuchs and supported by Sir Edmund Hillary undertook the first crossing of the Antarctic from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole. There was also an extensive programme of scientific experiments and explorations. Carsten Borchgrevink, a Norwegian, led the British Antarctic Expedition, funded by an English publisher. Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. There is a New Zealand connection to a number of triumphs and tragedies that have occurred in Antarctica. It shows measurements of mean annual air temperature compared with the present from the Vostok ice core in East Antarctica. 1959 – The Antarctic Treaty is signed by 12 countries, including Australia. 1957-1958 – During the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, 12 nations establish 50 stations in Antarctica, the beginning of formal, international cooperation. Learn about the Australian scientists who sought answers from the unknown wilderness of Antarctica. Antarctica History - Exploration Time Line. The treaty comes into effect in 1961 and the first meeting is held in Canberra in recognition of Australia’s effort in negotiations. Edward Bransfield and William Smith saw the Antarctic Peninsula. The Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the Sorth Pole on Dec. 14, 1911. The Antarctic Convergence, which encircles Antarctica roughly 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) off the coast, divides the cold southern water mass from warmer waters to the north. 1907-1909 – Shackleton leads an expedition and reaches 88 degrees south, the closest to the geographic South Pole to date. 1998 – Madrid Protocol enters into force, designating Antarctica’s ‘natural reserve devoted to peace and science’ and prohibiting mining in Antarctica. The expedition makes its way over ice and water to Elephant Island. A consequence of this is the reduction of the hypothetical 'Terra Australis'. It was also the first time radio was used in Antarctica. Work on meteorological observations continued as did studies of penguins and seals. It seeks to conserve Antarctica and it is regularly revised. Prehistory to the present. General. The expedition was in Antarctica from January 1980 to April 1981. However the expedition did discover Luitpold Land and the Filchner Glacier. Antarctica Photo credit: Shutterstock. December 1989. Jan 1, 1773. 1911 On December 14th – Norwegian Roald Amundsen leads a five-man expedition that reaches the geographic South Pole for the first time. With its extraordinary wildlife and icy wilderness, voyages to Antarctica stir a sense of adventure deep down inside anyone lucky enough to visit this beautiful continent. Fuchs’ job was to set up depots on the Polar Plateau using air reconnaissance and tractors. Go beyond the normal Antarctica tour areas. On 23 February 1951 the expedition was hit by tragedy when three of the expedition died. Contact Us, 7 Best Chimu Adventures for Retirement Bucket-list Journeys, https://www.chimuadventures.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Image-1-600x746.jpg, 14 Amazing Antarctica Facts That’ll Blow Your Mind, https://www.chimuadventures.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/antarctica8-600x657.jpg, Antarctica from Australia and New Zealand, Australasian Scientific Antarctic Expedition. Part of a commercial site. The Ross Sea party was a component of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914–17. Photo credit: Shutterstock. The collections went to the British Museum of Natural History; their statistical material to the Royal Society; and their journal ‘South Polar Times’, written by the men during the long winters, to the RGS. Antarctica Timeline: Early 1900s. In Uncategorized. (See ‘Beneath the Waves’). Since then the extent of the ozone hole has been monitored continuously using both ground-based and satellite-based techniques. Central America, Who is Chimu? More information can be found at www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/themes/antarctica. 1911-1914 – Mawson returns to Antarctica to lead the Australasian Scientific Antarctic Expedition, the first to be organised and led by an Australian, pioneering use of aircraft and radio in Antarctic exploration. The overland party finally arrived at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, having completed the historic crossing of 3,473km (2,158 miles) of previously unexplored snow and ice in 99 days. The first ever sighting of Antarctica, by Fabian Bellinghausen (Russian). He also surveyed the coast of Robertson Bay and collected specimens of birds, fish, seals and penguins. On 28 November 1979, 237 passengers and 20 crew were killed when Air New Zealand Flight TE901 crashed into Mt Erebus, Antarctica. Captain James Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle and circumnavigates Antarctica, though he never actually sights land. Members of the party were also the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Their main objective was to explore whether the climatic fluctuations observed in the Arctic were also occurring in Antarctica. Antarctica Timeline: 2007-2008 Early 1900s: During this period, many countries sent exploring expeditions to the Antarctic. James cook passes the Antarctic circle James Cook passes the antarctic circle Feb 7, 1821. Their research proved that the area was a peninsula and not an archipelago of islands as had previously been thought. The party then moved south mapping and surveying the coast and setting up the Southern Base in the Debenham Islands, where they made preparations to travel inland during the summer months in George VI Sound, looking for a route to the Weddell Sea and undertaking geological investigations. As well as maintaining a permanent presence on the continent, exploration, survey and research were carried out. The expedition makes its way over ice and water to Elephant Island. ROMA. Funding came from the British government, while the RGS and SPRI endorsed the expedition. Paul Ward. Explore this timeline to see some key dates in the early discoveries of this icy continent. First to sight the continent (Queen Maud Land) on Jan 28, 1820. Photo: Leonard P Holroyd. Unfortunately, their ship Antarctic was crushed in the ice pack after leaving the crew on the island thereby creating two separate groups of explorers. Under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty’s Environmental Protocol all non-indigenous species had to be removed from Antarctica because of the potential threat to indigenous species, for example through the transmission of disease and killing animals for food for the dogs. Home About Antarctica History Exploration and expeditions. The Norwegian - British - Swedish Expedition (NBSAE) of 1949-52 was the first expedition in Antarctica involving an international team of scientists. The voyage … 1773 – James Cook becomes the first person to navigate across the Antarctic Circle and proceed to circumnavigate the continent of Antarctica. A Brief History of New Zealand. Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. Photo credit: Shutterstock. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the world’s largest ocean current, moves eastward around the continent at an average speed of about half a knot (1 kilometer per hour). The last dogs were removed from Antarctica on 22nd February 1994. The North Pole was called the "Arktos," the Gre… Timeline showing the dynamic changes occurring in different parts of the Antarctic continent. Aug 8, 1914. Arctic The Antarctic Timeline. ... Antarctica Explorers Timeline created by Threeluksana.Verayouttana. They were the first to use dogs to transport them. In December 1957 four men from the expedition few one of the planes, making the first non-stop trans-polar flight across the Antarctic continent from Shackleton Base via the Pole to Scott Base, following roughly the same route as Fuchs’ overland party. See the interesting history of Antarctica from 1815 to 2019, with flags. Feb 1, … Captain Cook and his crew became the first people to cross the Antarctic Circle. After crossing the Antarctic Circle they continued to 71˚10’S. The 100,000 mile route took the Transglobe Expedition team across the Sahara via Tombouctou, through the swamps and jungles of Mali and the Ivory Coast, over huge unexplored crevasse fields in Antarctica, through the inhospitable North West Passage, graveyard of so many famous venturers, and into the unpredictable hazards of the Arctic Ocean. Discovery, first used by Scott at the beginning of the 20th Century. They mark an important stage in British oceanographic studies of the marine ecosystem by employing new techniques in large scale multi-disciplinary study. Captain James Weddell sailed to 74˚15’S and found the Weddell Ice Sheet and Sea. Their ship is crushed in the sea ice. The Ancient Greeks supposed that such a continent could exist - it was a lucky guess, based mostly on the assumption that there had to be some land mass to balance out the northern continents. 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