Codex Borbonicus fol. Codex Borbonicus/Aztec. Quetzalcoatl’s Cosmological Origins. 18. Feathered serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. Él era una deidad creadora que había contribuido esencialmente a la creación de la Humanidad. This saga mentions two possible Vikings w… Follow the link below to read more about Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl... Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning StarThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl goes on to tell us that after a long pilgrimage towards the east, our hero found himself so thoroughly defeated by his brother Tezcatlipoca that he threw himself on a burning pyre in an act of self-sacrifice. These myths often describe him as the a divine ruler of the mythical Toltecs of Tollan who after his expulsion from Tollan, travelled south or east to set up new cities and kingdoms. The worship of Quetzalcoatl sometimes included animal sacrifices, and in colonial traditions Quetzalcoatl was said to oppose human sacrifice. Quetzalcóatl and his partner, painting of an Aztec manuscrpit, the Codex Borbonicus. Interest in the Codex goes beyond conservation. La mort de Quetzalcoatl. Codex Borgia, c. 1500, p. 25 (Vatican Library) Mesoamericans made screenfold manuscripts of great artistic beauty. One of the main functions of a calender like that in Codex Borbonicus was to interpret that fate. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli was considered patron of this calendar (Yólotl González-Torres,1991). Quetzalcóatl est le dieu du vent, maître de la vie, créateur et civilisateur, patron de tous les arts et inventeur de la métallurgie. Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises?We know him as the Plumed Serpent but Quetzalcoatl was so much more! One of them is the Codex Borgia, an Aztec manuscript made during the late Post-Classic period, which stretched from about 1250 until about 1521. The Codex Borbonicus is an Aztec codex written by Aztec priests shortly before or after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Codex Magliabechiano Tonatiuh . During the epi-classic period, a dramatic spread of feathered serpent iconography is evidenced throughout Mesoamerica, and during this period begins to figure prominently at cites such as Chichén Itzá, El Tajín, and throughout the Maya area. Beginning in the 14th century the American Indian people known as the Aztec ruled a large empire based in what is now Mexico City, Mexico. This image from the sixteenth century Codex Borbonicus (pic 8, right) shows his conical hat made from the fur of an Ocelot. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Mayan Vision Serpent shown below. The Codex Borbonicus is thought to be the only one whose style matches the pre -Conquest Náhuatl style, nevertheless it is considered to be a colonial copy. Borgia. The Nahuatl word quetzalli means "long green feather" (Molina: ), but later came to be applied also to the bird who give these feathers: the Resplendent Quetzal. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Magliabechiano. 10. Quetzalcoatl, also known as Feathered Serpent, was a prominent supernatural entity or deity found in many Mesoamerican religions. Mesopotamian equivalent A feathered serpent deity has been worshiped by many different ethno-political groups in Mesoamerican history. May 4, 2016 - Explore Charles A's board "Aztecs Codex" on Pinterest. Sahagún (Book III, chapter III) also made special mention of their devotion to him. Most Mesoamerican beliefs included cycles of suns. The human and animal were born at the same time, and hence shared the same mechanisms of the calender. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron of the priests and the title of the twin Aztec high priests. In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. He was a flying reptile (much like a dragon ), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. They predated the Aztecs and perhaps even battled with them towards the end of Tula’s cultural and economic dominance in Mesoamerica. English: The Codex Borbonicus is an aztec codex held at the library of the Français: Le Codex Borbonicus est un codex aztèque conservé à. * Cette présentation a été écrite avec Loïc Vauzelle (EPHE, GSRL). One Aztec story claims that Quetzalcoatl was tricked by Tezcatlipoca into becoming drunk and sleeping with a celibate priestess (in some accounts, his sister Quetzalpetlatl) and then burned himself to death out of remorse. Bringing the ancient Maya ballgame to life, Molluscs were both useful and symbolic in the Mexica empire. Copyright: Museo Nacional de Antropología (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 2: Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan. Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion), detail from a facsimile Codex Borbonicus (folio 26), c. 1520; original in the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. Quetzalcoatl in human form, from the Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Magliabechiano. He was a creator deity … Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatl’s double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens’ naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Quetzalcoatl, the Mexican god of wind and learning, wearing around his neck the sign of the wind god, the “wind breastplate” ehecailacocozcatl, “the spirally voluted wind jewel” made of a conch shell (illustration copied from the Codex Borbonicus, p. 22 by Milwaukee Public Museum artist Lee Tishler). In Xochicalco, depictions of the feathered serpent are accompanied by the image of a seated, armed ruler and the hieroglyph for the day sign 9 Wind. Latter-day Saint scholar Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. A third story narrates that Chimalman was hit in the womb by an arrow bolted by Mixcoatl and nine months later she gave birth to a child which was called Quetzalcoatl. Codex Borbonicus is written by Aztec priests sometime after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Ce que l’on sait de l’origine du document … In the example from Yaxchilan, the Vision Serpent has the human face of the young maize god, further suggesting a connection to fertility and vegetational renewal; the Mayan Young Maize god was also connected to Venus. The most important center was Cholula where the world's largest pyramid was dedicated to his worship. The conch shell is symbolic of the ancestral bones from which Quetzalcoatl created humankind as we know it. Egyptian equivalent According to the Book of Mormon, Jesus visited the American continent after his resurrection. Some legends describe him as opposed to human sacrifice while others describe him practicing it. Over the East presides the Red Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec, the god of gold, farming and Spring time. The archaeological record shows that after the fall of Teotihuacan that marked the beginning of the epi-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology around 600 AD, the cult of the feathered serpent spread to the new religious and political centers in central Mexico, centers such as Xochicalco, Cacaxtla and Cholula. Hans Ebeling published the book ‘ Die Reise in die Vergangenheit III. It is named after the Palais Bourbon in France and kept at the Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée Nationale in Paris. Chaque combat mettait fin à l'une des quatre époques de l'his Quetzalcoatl’s name, which means “Feathered Serpent,” was derived from the Nahuatl words for the quetzal bird and “coatl,” meaning serpent. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. p. 529 Wikipédia Wikimédia ... quetzalcoatl. Like the other three (Tezcatlipoca, Camaxtle and Huitzilopochtli) he was a tutelary god, responsible for more dramatic acts of creation than most of the characters in the Aztec pantheon! Copyright: imagesofanthropology.com (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 3: The legendary priest, Ce Acatl Topilltzin Quetzalcoatl in a blood-letting ceremony. To both Teotihuacan and Mayan cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare. Quetzalcoatl Art. Readers will find this month's special topic mouth-watering! Cette rivalité était un thème récurrent dans la mythologie aztèque, le serpent volant (Quetzalcoatl) étant fréquemment opposé au jaguar noir (Tezcatlipoca). 1 Sources 1.1 Ouvrages 1.2 Sites 1.3 Images Mythes et mythologies de Félix Guirand et Joël Schmidt. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl’s link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbo… On the right hand side is Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl.Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli served as patron deity of astrological knowledge and was of profound importance in religious books in the Central Highlands and Oaxaca. To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent, a flying reptile (much like a dragon), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky. His names outside the Aztec cultural area include Kukulcán, Gucumatz and Votan. The earliest iconographic depiction of the deity is believed to be found on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta, depicting a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. 78r (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcóatl-Ehécatl. Tonalamatl), and displayed the portents of the 260 day lunar calendar known as the Tonalpoualli (Counting of the Days). Quetzalcoatl is Nahuatl quetzalli “tail feather of the quetzal bird” and coatl “snake”0), the Feathered Serpent–major deity of ancient Mexico. The existence of such worship can be seen through studies of iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs are frequent. Guess how many feathers went into making this shield? In the iconography of the classic period Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake is often seen as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the underworld. And over the North presides the Black Tezcatlipoca, known by no other name than Tezcatlipoca, the god of judgment, night, deceit, sorcery and the Earth. Pre-Columbian's Aztec Codex Borbonicus, 'Tonalamatl', detail depicting Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca located at the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, Paris, France. In some incredible escapades, they created the earth, sea and night sky and were regents of the first two ‘suns’, or world eras of the existing five. Codex Borbonicus fol. Over time, Quetzalcoatl's appearance, clothing, malevolent nature, and status among the gods were reshaped to fit a more Christian framework. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichén Itzá. Over the South presides the Blue Tezcatlipoca, Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. Discover (and save!) Quetzalcoatl (Nahuatl Quetzalcōātl = „Quetzalschlange“ bzw. In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. Quetzalcoatl in human form, using the symbols of Ehecatl, from the Codex Borgia. One of the main functions of a calender like that in Codex Borbonicus was to interpret that fate. The structure of this prayer is double-layered — the supplicant begins with calling on the spirit of his bed to protect him, but then shifts to make a declaration of his extreme poverty and worthlessness as a robbery target. The trecena was marked by the Aztec nobility who made offerings in Calmecacs, learning institutions for noble children. They discussed the Eyrbggia saga in the epilogue. Quetzalcóatl was the god of the morning and evening star. Guðrún Guðmundsdóttir and Björn Thorsteinsson translated Ebeling’s book into Icelandic. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic. Temple of the Feathered Serpent at Xochicalco, adorned with a fully zoomorphic feathered Serpent. Called ehecacózcatl (wind jewel), the shell has been interpreted as an association with the womb and the generation of life. Using ancient sounds in modern music compositions, ‘Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods?’, What happened to the Aztec gods after the Conquest? In the post-classic Nahua civilization of central Mexico, the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous. (Reproduction, late 20th century) Original image, pigment on handmade paper Reproduction, bronze and paint on wood, L. 13 cm x W. 1.5 cm x H. 12 cm BFPC collection #2012.41a. (1), Toci - an aspect of the Great Mother Earth Goddess, Pic 1: Re-creation of mural at Cacaxtla. From her wound burst beautiful flowers that the bat took to the lord of the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli, who bathed them in the water of his subterranean rivers and perfumed the blossoms.Many other creation myths revolve around Quetzalcoatl, some including the creation of the maguey plant, and the discovery of corn (follow the link below...). Species (Mediation and Atonement, p. Detail from the Codex Borbonicus, showing Quetzalcoatl, the mythical Aztec feather serpent. Jörmungandr. Did Motecuhzoma really think Cortés was a god? They travelled past Cholula (in Puebla), into the Yucatan and Chichén Itzá, and may even have gone as far as El Salvador. SFCollege. The grandeur of the capital, Tenochtitlan, showed power and wealth, and from that city their armies went out … The worship of a feathered serpent deity is first document in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE or first century CE. Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the Priest, Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning Star. A recurring feature in Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl’s iconography is a conch chest ornament. No accounts written by the Aztecs agree with Cortés and his men, and Professor Felipe Fernández-Armesto tells us why (follow the link below...), This article was uploaded to the Mexicolore website on Aug 31st 2013, (Written/compiled by Julia Flood/Mexicolore). Quetzalcoatl was often considered the god of the morning star, and his twin brother Xolotl was the evening star. L'embaumement du corps. Itzá Kukulcán, Quiché Q'uq'umatz) ist eine synkretistische Gottheit mehrerer mesoamerikanischer Kulturen, darunter der Tolteken, der Azteken und der Maya.Bei dem Gott Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli dürfte es sich um eine besondere Erscheinungsform des Quetzalcoatl handeln. 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