A scholarly community of historians, anthropologists, art historians, and linguists has been investigating Sahagun's work, its subtleties and mysteries, for more than 200 years. Anderson, "Sahagún: Career and Character" in Bernardino de Sahagún, H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, David A. Boruchoff, “Sahagún and the Theology of Missionary Work,” in. Scotus absorbed the intuitive insights of St. Francis of Assisi and his devotion to Jesus Christ as a human being, and expressed them in a broader vision of humanity. Friars thought the images were decorative, but the Natives recognized their strong religious connotation. Various delays enabled the author to continue revisions and additions for several years. [27][28] The work is now carefully rebound in three volumes. Sahagún, BERNARDINO DE, missionary and Aztec archaeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom of Leon, Spain, in or before the year 1500; d. at Mexico, October 23, 1590. In 1793 a bibliographer catalogued the Florentine Codex in the Laurentian Library in Florence. Sahagún, Bernardino da 1499-1590. So on another day the lord and his principal men came and having conferred together, with great solemnity, as they were accustomed at that time to do, they chose out ten or twelve of the principal old men, and told me that with these I might communicate and that these would instruct me in any matters I should inquire of. Sahagún, Bernardino de 1499-1590. Bernardino de Sahagún was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). 368 a 965) del libro XI. [13] The college contributed to the blending of Spanish and indigenous cultures in what is now Mexico. He interviewed and consulted more elders and cultural authorities. Some of the latter competitors hinted that the Friars were endorsing idolatry. Glass in the Boston Public Library, and has been published in facsimile and English translation, with comparisons to Book 12 of the General History. [14] He began informal studies of indigenous peoples, their beliefs, and religious practices. On all the subjects on which we conferred they gave me pictures—which were the writings anciently in use among them—and these the grammarians interpreted to me in their language, writing the interpretation at the foot of the picture.”. The Historia general has been called "one of the most remarkable accounts of a non-Western culture ever composed,"[4] and Sahagún has been called the father of American ethnography. [21] He likely composed his Psalmodia Christiana in Tepepolco when he was gathering material for the Primeros Memoriales. Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). During the first decades of the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica, many indigenous people converted to Christianity, at least superficially. In this process, the native artists added many references to their customs and beliefs: flowers, birds or geometric symbols. The pro-indigenous approach of the Franciscans and Sahagún became marginalized with passing years. | La obra reúne doce libros, que se acabaron de sacar en blanco en mil quinientos sesenta y nueve. It was published under the title “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España”, in three volumes at Mexico in 1829, and in volumes five and seven of Kingsborough’s “Mexican Antiquities”, London, 1831. Cline, "Introduction" Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Hernán Cortez conquered the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, Colegio Imperial de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, Complete digital facsimile of the first edition, "The work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernardino_de_Sahagún&oldid=996309918, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Nicholson, H.B., "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 20:18. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain). [14] Other friars taught grammar, history, religion, scripture, and philosophy. Show Prices . He thought that many if not most of the conversions were superficial. [43] Sahagún's 1585 revision of the conquest narrative, which included praise for Cortés and the Spanish conquest, was completed in a period when work on indigenous texts was under attack. Pool . Apéndice: León, Nicolás. Summary: Susana calls Miami, FL, home. Anderson, "Introduction" to the, Ellen T. Baird, "Artists of Sahagun's Primeros Memoriales: A Question of Identity," in, For a history of this scholarly work, see Charles E. Dibble, "Sahagún's. [33], Several specific dimensions of Sahagún's work (and that of other Franciscans in New Spain) reflect this philosophical anthropology. Such an herbal, the Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis, was written in Latin by Juan Badianus de la Cruz, an Aztec teacher at the college, perhaps with help from students or other teachers. [15] Scholars have explained these roles as emerging from his identity as a missionary priest,[12] a participant in the Spanish evangelical fervor for converting newly encountered peoples,[31] and as a part of the broader Franciscan millenarian project.[9]. While others – in Europe and New Spain – were debating whether or not the indigenous peoples were human and had souls, Sahagún was interviewing them, seeking to understand who they were, how they loved each other, what they believed, and how they made sense of the world. Two notable products of the scholarship at the college are the first New World "herbal," and a map of what is now the Mexico City region. Rooms at Hostal La Bastide du Chemin feature rustic décor and come with flat-screen TV and a private bathroom with free toiletries. Ensayo de nomenclature e identificación de las lúminas 98 a 138 (núms. In this section, Sahagún denounces the association of the Virgin of Guadalupe with a pagan Meso-American deity. It became a vehicle for evangelization of students, as well as the recruiting and training of native men to the Catholic clergy; it was a center for the study of native languages, especially Nahuatl. Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529. As an Order, the Franciscans emphasized evangelization of the indigenous in their own languages. [3] The most famous extant manuscript of the Historia General is the Florentine Codex. Thus, Sahagún had the motivation, skills and disposition to study the people and their culture. Libros V-IX.--III Libros X-XI. As a young man he was noted for his beauty and grace of person, and from childhood was given to prayer and self-restraint. He also became concerned about the tendency of his fellow Franciscan missionaries to misunderstand basic elements of traditional Aztec religious beliefs and cosmology. [2] Most of his writings reflect his Catholic missionary interests, and were designed to help churchmen preach in Nahuatl, or translate the Bible into Nahuatl, or provide religious instruction to indigenous peoples. They believed that New Spain was the opportunity to revive the pure spirit of primitive Christianity. The Library of Congress provides online access to the Florentine Codex, a 1577 manuscript written by indigenous informants under the supervision of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590).The manuscript is held in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence. Sahagún's life changed dramatically in 1558 when the new provincial of New Spain, Fray Francisco de Toral, commissioned him to write in Nahuatl about topics he considered useful for the missionary project. Free Wifi . [25] Analysis of Sahagún's research activities in this earlier period indicates that he was developing and evaluating his own methods for gathering and verifying this information. The decades after the Spanish conquest witnessed a dramatic transformation of indigenous culture, a transformation with a religious dimension that contributed to the creation of Mexican culture. People from both the Spanish and indigenous cultures held a wide range of opinions and views about what was happening in this transformation. After five years of waiting it was decided in favor of the author, who was given the help he needed, and the complete Aztec manuscript, with the grammar and dictionary, was finished in 1569. [7] These religious orders established the Catholic Church in colonial New Spain, and directed it during most of the 16th century. The 1576 text is exclusively from an indigenous, largely Tlatelolcan viewpoint. The philosophy of Scotus is founded upon the primacy of the Incarnation, and may have been a particularly important influence on Sahagún, since Scotus's philosophy was taught in Spain at this time. Some passages in his writings appear to be transcriptions of informants' statements about religious beliefs, society or nature. An account, in both Spanish and Nahúatl, of the disputation that these Franciscan friars held in Tenochtitlan soon after their arrival was made by Sahagún in 1564, in order to provide a model for future missionaries. Although several times filling administrative positions, he preferred to devote his attention solely to the work of instruction and investigation. Among his works in Nahuatl was a translation of the Psalms and a catechism. Show Prices. He fell in love with their culture. [20] He was first and foremost a missionary, whose goal was to bring the peoples of the New World to the Catholic faith. Many still practiced their pre-European contact religious rituals and maintained their ancestral beliefs, much as they had for hundreds or thousands of years, while also participating in Catholic worship. "Having discussed the springs, waters, and mountains, this seemed to me to be the opportune place to discuss the principal idolatries which were practiced and are still practiced in the waters and mountains."[36]. [29], The Historia general is the product one of the most remarkable social-science research projects ever conducted. Sahagún was a gifted linguist, one of several Franciscans. During this period, the university at Salamanca was strongly influenced by Erasmus, and was a center for Spanish Franciscan intellectual life. Later he was recognized as one of the Spaniards most proficient in this language. Even as he expressed disgust at their continuing practice of human sacrifice and their idolatries, he spent five decades investigating Aztec culture. Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico).Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529, and spent more than 50 years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and history. Sahagun, Bernardino 1499-1590. Sahagún likely wrote this version with that political situation well in mind, when a narrative of the conquest entirely from the defeated Mexicans' viewpoint was suspect. Lara, City, Temple, Stage: Eschatological Architecture and Liturgical Theatrics in New Spain. Historia general de las cosas de nueva España (General history of the things of New Spain) is an encyclopedic work about the people and culture of central Mexico compiled by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499–1590), a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529, eight years after completion of the Spanish conquest by Hernan Cortés. Tickets cost 27€ - 35€ and the journey takes 5h 9m. . Born Bernardino de Rivera in Sahagún, Spain, he was trained in Latin, history, philosophy, and theology at the University of Salamanca and became a Franciscan around 1527. SAHAGÚN, BERNARDINO DE Franciscan historian, linguist, and ethnologist, considered the precursor of modern cultural anthropology and father of American ethnology; b. Some colonial authorities perceived his writings as potentially dangerous, since they lent credibility to native voices and perspectives. Some passages reflect Sahagún's own narration of events or commentary. On account of the fear of encouraging the educated natives to dwell upon their heathen past—a very real danger at the time—and on account also of the author’s strictures upon the methods of the Conquistadores, it was not published, but was consulted in manuscript, being sent from one to another college of the order, until finally carried to Spain and deposited in the convent of Tolosa, where it was found, and a copy made, by the archivist Munoz shortly before 1800. Restaurant. Of these there were as many as four instructed in Latin, to whom I, some few years before, had myself taught grammar in the college of Santa Cruz in Tlaltelolco. Bernardino de Sahagún y su obra [por Wigberto Jiménez Moreno] Libros I-IV.--II. Il est donc connu comme Fray Bernardino de Sahagún. It is not known for certain where the beginning of this Tonantzin may have originated, but this we know for certain, that, from its first usage, the word means that ancient Tonantzin. Sahagún, Bernardino de 1499-1590 Fray. During the period in which Sahagún conducted his research, the conquering Spaniards were greatly outnumbered by the conquered Aztecs, and were concerned about the threat of a native uprising. The pictures in the Primeros Memoriales convey a blend of indigenous and European artistic elements and influences. [2] He was probably ordained around 1527. What companies run services between Santiago de Compostela, Spain and Sahagún, Castille and León, Spain? Sahagún Bernardino de 1505?-1590. He learned Nahuatl and spent more than 50 years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and history. His zeal and pre-eminent ability in respect to the Indian language and religion attracted the attention of his superior, who directed him to compile in the Aztec language a compendium of all things relating to the native history and custom that might be useful in the labor of Christianizing the Indians. In 1547, he collected and recorded huehuetlatolli, Aztec formal orations given by elders for moral instruction, education of youth, and cultural construction of meaning. Flights ... Hotel Puerta de Sahagun. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Santiago de Compostela to Sahagún via Leon in around 8h. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590." The friars had disagreements over how best to approach this problem, as well as disagreements about their mission, and how to determine success. [1]Vida. After the fervor of the early mass conversions in Mexico had subsided, Franciscan missionaries came to realize that they needed a better understanding of indigenous peoples in order effectively to pursue their work. 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